Programs › 81.121
Assistance listing · 81.121
Nuclear Energy Research, Development and Demonstration
Federal financial assistance obligated under listing 81.121, the organisations that receive it and where it goes.
USAspending caveat. Figures are obligations reported by federal agencies to USAspending.gov, not payments. In USAspending's words: "An outlay occurs when federal money is actually paid out, not just promised to be paid ('obligated')." "Every agency has a Senior Accountable Official who must officially certify that the quarterly financial data submitted by their agency is accurate and complete." "If there are any discrepancies in procurement data, FPDS is the authoritative source." Contract data for the Department of Defense and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is published with a 90-day delay. Data loaded 30 Sep 2026.
Federal agencies obligated $963M in awards under assistance listing 81.121, Nuclear Energy Research, Development and Demonstration, in FY2026, and $3.5B over the five fiscal years since FY2023; the program ranks 130 of 988 on this site.
Obligations were down 14% on FY2025 ($1.1B), with $0 so far in FY2027.
The largest recipient organisations over FY2022–FY2025 were X Energy, LLC ($845M), US SFR Owner LLC ($837M) and CFPP LLC ($192M).
By place of performance, the most money went to MD, WA and UT.
Obligations by fiscal year
Compared with the largest program FY2026
| Measure | This program | Grants to States for Medicaid | All assistance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Obligations, FY2026 | $963M | $722B | $4.4T |
| Five-year total | $3.5B | $2.6T | $17T |
| Share of all assistance obligations, five years | 0% | 15.2% | 100% |
Largest recipients obligations, FY2022–FY2025
| # | Organisation | Obligations |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | X Energy, LLC | $845M |
| 2 | US SFR Owner LLC | $837M |
| 3 | CFPP LLC | $192M |
| 4 | Kairos Power LLC | $135M |
| 5 | Nuscale Power LLC | $108M |
| 6 | Holtec Government Services LLC | $106M |
| 7 | Framatome Inc | $91M |
| 8 | Westinghouse Electric Company LLC | $67M |
| 9 | General Electric Company | $61M |
| 10 | Southern Company Services, Inc. | $60M |
| 11 | Constellation Energy Generation, LLC | $58M |
| 12 | General Atomics | $56M |
| 13 | GE Vernova Operations LLC | $26M |
| 14 | Advanced Reactor Concepts, LLC | $20M |
| 15 | Regents of the University of Michigan | $17M |
| 16 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | $16M |
| 17 | University of Wisconsin System | $13M |
| 18 | North Carolina State University | $11M |
| 19 | University of Illinois | $11M |
| 20 | Northern States Power Company | $11M |
| 21 | The Pennsylvania State University | $7.8M |
| 22 | University of Tennessee | $7.6M |
| 23 | Purdue University | $5.9M |
| 24 | Texas a&M Engineering Experiment Station | $5.8M |
| 25 | The Regents of the University of California | $5.5M |
Awarding agencies $1.0M+ awards
Where the money goes
Largest awards since FY2023
| Recipient | Awarding agency | Type | Award value | Begun | Place | Record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solstice Advanced Materials Us, Inc. | Department of Energy | Other assistanceOther Reimbursable, Contingent, Intangible, or Indirect Financial Assistance | $188M | 14 Oct 2025 | IL | USAspending |
| Kairos Power LLC | Department of Energy | Other assistanceOther Reimbursable, Contingent, Intangible, or Indirect Financial Assistance | $135M | 12 Feb 2024 | RI | USAspending |
| General Atomics | Department of Energy | GrantCooperative Agreement (B) | $35M | 28 Dec 2022 | CA | USAspending |
| Global Laser Enrichment LLC | Department of Energy | GrantCooperative Agreement (B) | $28M | 25 Jun 2026 | NC | USAspending |
| The Pennsylvania State University | Department of Energy | GrantProject Grant (B) | $6.0M | 19 Aug 2026 | PA | USAspending |
| GE Vernova Operations LLC | Department of Energy | GrantCooperative Agreement (B) | $5.1M | 20 Sep 2023 | NY | USAspending |
| Container Technologies Industries, LLC | Department of Energy | GrantCooperative Agreement (B) | $3.0M | 8 Apr 2026 | TN | USAspending |
| South Carolina Universities Research & Education Foundation | Department of Energy | GrantCooperative Agreement (B) | $3.0M | 27 Nov 2024 | SC | USAspending |
| University of Utah | Department of Energy | GrantProject Grant (B) | $2.6M | 27 Jul 2026 | UT | USAspending |
| Regents of the University of Michigan | Department of Energy | GrantProject Grant (B) | $2.6M | 11 Sep 2023 | MI | USAspending |
Other programs numbered 81.xxx
- 81.254 Grid Infrastructure Deployment and Resilience $11B
- 81.041 State Energy Program $9.2B
- 81.253 Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chain Demonstrations and Commercial Applications $7.2B
- 81.255 Clean Energy Demonstrations $6.6B
- 81.049 Office of Science Financial Assistance Program $6.1B
- 81.042 Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons $3.7B
- 81.089 Fossil Energy Research and Development $3.5B
- 81.126 Federal Loan Guarantees for Innovative Energy Technologies $3.3B
- 81.087 Renewable Energy Research and Development $1.9B
- 81.086 Conservation Research and Development $1.5B
- 81.135 Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy $1.2B
- 81.117 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Information Dissemination, Outreach, Training and Technical Analysis/Assistance $1.1B
- 81.010 Office of Technology Transitions (OTT)-Technology Deployment, Demonstration and Commercialization $859M
- 81.112 Stewardship Science Grant Program $541M
- 81.008 Cybersecurity, Energy Security & Emergency Response (CESER) $311M
- 81.128 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program (EECBG) $235M
- 81.214 Environmental Monitoring/Cleanup, Cultural and Resource Mgmt., Emergency Response Research, Outreach, Technical Analysis $231M
- 81.122 Electricity Research, Development and Analysis $116M
- 81.113 Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research $100M
- 81.124 Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program $84M
- 81.123 National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Minority Serving Institutions (MSI) Program $81M
- 81.104 Environmental Remediation and Waste Processing and Disposal $71M
- 81.258 Glovebox Manufacturing Expansion Initiative $70M
- 81.137 Minority Economic Impact $32M
Questions and answers
How much is obligated under assistance listing 81.121?
$963M in FY2026 and $3.5B over the five fiscal years since FY2023, counting every award type recorded under the listing (grants, direct payments, loan subsidy cost, insurance and other assistance). Obligations are commitments, not payments.
Who receives the most under Nuclear Energy Research, Development and Demonstration?
X Energy, LLC ($845M), US SFR Owner LLC ($837M), CFPP LLC ($192M), Kairos Power LLC ($135M), Nuscale Power LLC ($108M). Individuals are never listed; where a program pays individuals, USAspending records aggregated rows that appear here as "not shown".
What is an assistance listing (CFDA) number?
A five-digit number that identifies a federal financial assistance program on SAM.gov (formerly the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance). Every grant, loan, direct payment or other assistance award on USAspending carries one; contracts do not.
Provenance
Source: USAspending.gov API v2, spending by category (assistance listing) by fiscal year, recipient cross-tabulation for FY2022–FY2025 and award search, loaded 30 Sep 2026. State figures come from each state's top-100 listing table, so small amounts in a state may be missing. See methodology.