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States › Louisiana › Jul 2025

Monthly award list · Louisiana

New federal awards in Louisiana, July 2025

Prime awards of $1.0M or more with a base obligation date in the month and a primary place of performance in the state.

← Jun 2025Aug 2025 →

USAspending caveat. Figures are obligations reported by federal agencies to USAspending.gov, not payments. In USAspending's words: "An outlay occurs when federal money is actually paid out, not just promised to be paid ('obligated')." "Every agency has a Senior Accountable Official who must officially certify that the quarterly financial data submitted by their agency is accurate and complete." "If there are any discrepancies in procurement data, FPDS is the authoritative source." Contract data for the Department of Defense and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is published with a 90-day delay. Data loaded 30 Sep 2026; agencies keep reporting into recent months.

70 new federal awards of $1.0M or more were recorded with a primary place of performance in Louisiana in July 2025, worth $1.0B in total award value: $123M in contracts, $894M in grants.

That is about the same as the state's median month over the last two years (62 awards) and 1% of the 7,276 such awards recorded nationwide that month.

The most active awarding agencies were Department of Education (13 awards), Department of Defense (16 awards) and Department of Transportation (17 awards).

70new awards of $1.0M+July 2025state median month: 62
$1.0Bcombined award valueJuly 2025 · award value
$894MGrantsJuly 2025 · award value
$123MContractsJuly 2025 · award value

By recipient

#Recipient organisationAwardsAward value
1LA DEPT. of ADMIN12$749M
2BL Harbert International LLC1$41M
3Manson Construction Co1$39M
4Health, Louisiana Department of1$31M
5Transportation & Development Louisiana D10$29M
6Scus Head Start Programs Inc1$21M
7Placid Refining Company LLC4$18M
8City of New Orleans1$11M
9Louisiana Department of Children and Family Services3$8.1M
10Louisiana Department of Health1$7.4M

By awarding agency

#AgencyAwardsAward value
1Department of Education13$756M
2Department of Defense16$116M
3Department of Transportation17$51M
4Environmental Protection Agency2$33M
5Department of Health and Human Services6$32M
6Department of Homeland Security3$8.2M
7Department of Housing and Urban Development4$7.5M
8National Aeronautics and Space Administration2$3.1M
9Department of the Interior2$2.3M
10Department of Labor1$2.1M

Compared with other months awards per month

Oct 202568 · $19B
Nov 202549 · $520M
Dec 202562 · $3.1B
Jan 202647 · $207M
Feb 202629 · $318M
Mar 202662 · $297M
Apr 202659 · $760M
May 202665 · $383M
Jun 202664 · $368M
Jul 202662 · $512M
Aug 202643 · $132M
Sep 2026144 · $711M

The awards largest first

RecipientAwarding agencyTypeAward valueBegunRecord
LA DEPT. of ADMINTITLE I PART A BASIC GRANTS TO LEASDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$393M1 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINSTATE GRANT - B (611)Department of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$225M1 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINSUPPORTING EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTIONDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$44M30 Jul 2025USAspending
BL Harbert International LLCREPAIR RUNWAY 15-33 BARKSDALE AFB, LADepartment of DefenseDepartment of the NavyContractDefinitive Contract$41M2 Jul 2025USAspending
Manson Construction CoDREDGINGDepartment of DefenseDepartment of the ArmyContractDefinitive Contract$39M23 Jul 2025USAspending
Health, Louisiana Department ofDESCRIPTION:THIS AGREEMENT PROVIDES A CAPITALIZATION GRANT, FUNDED BY THE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AND JOBS ACT (IIJA) (PUBLIC LAW 117-58), FOR THE RECIPIENT'SEnvironmental Protection AgencyGrantFormula Grant (a)$31M16 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINSTUDENT SUPPORT AND ACADEMIC ENRICHMENT GRANTSDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$29M30 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMIN21ST CENTURY COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTERS PROGRAMDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$28M21 Jul 2025USAspending
Scus Head Start Programs IncHEAD START AND EARLY HEAD STARTDepartment of Health and Human ServicesAdministration for Children and FamiliesGrantProject Grant (B)$21M15 Jul 2025USAspending
City of New OrleansPURPOSE: CONSTRUCT TERMINAL PEOPLE MOVER. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED/EXPECTED OUTCOMES: THIS PROJECT CONSTRUCTS A NEW TERMINAL PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEM TO ACCOMMODATDepartment of TransportationFederal Aviation AdministrationGrantProject Grant (B)$11M31 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Department of HealthINFANT, TODDLERS & FAMILIES (PART C)Department of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$7.4M1 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINSTATE GRANT - B PRESCHOOL (619)Department of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$7.1M1 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINENGLISH LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: STATE FORMULA GRANT PROGRAMDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$6.1M30 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINSTATE ASSESSMENTS FORMULA GRANTSDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$6.0M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: LA 3127: ST. JAMES P/L - ST. CHARLES P/L :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: PATCH, MILL, OVERLAY AND DRAINAGE WORK.Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$6.0M10 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: LA 26: W RACCA RD - TRAILOR TOWN RD :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: PATCH, MILL 2', OL 3.5' RDWY & 1.5' SHLDSDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$5.6M28 Jul 2025USAspending
Placid Refining Company LLC8511518934!TURBINE FUEL,AVIATIONDepartment of DefenseDefense Logistics AgencyContractDelivery Order$4.8M22 Jul 2025USAspending
Placid Refining Company LLC8511521922!TURBINE FUEL,AVIATIONDepartment of DefenseDefense Logistics AgencyContractDelivery Order$4.7M23 Jul 2025USAspending
Placid Refining Company LLC8511499204!TURBINE FUEL,AVIATIONDepartment of DefenseDefense Logistics AgencyContractDelivery Order$4.5M14 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Department of Children and Family ServicesCWSS-2025 - CHILD WELFARE SOCIAL SERVICESDepartment of Health and Human ServicesAdministration for Children and FamiliesGrantFormula Grant (a)$4.5M10 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINRURAL AND LOW-INCOME SCHOOLSDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$4.2M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Paragon Systems IncPROTECTIVE SECURITY OFFICER SERVICES (PSO) THROUGHOUT THE STATE OF LOUISIANA SECTION 2(D)Department of Homeland SecurityOffice of Procurement OperationsContractDelivery Order$4.1M3 Jul 2025USAspending
Small Business Consulting CorporationDATA ANALYTICS AND DIGITIAL ENGINEERING MODERNIZATIONDepartment of DefenseDepartment of the Air ForceContractDelivery Order$4.0M2 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: US 61: CAUSEWAY - DAVID :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: SCOPE: 2' MILL, 2' OVERLAY AND PATCHING.Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$3.9M18 Jul 2025USAspending
Placid Refining Company LLC8511531941!TURBINE FUEL,AVIATIONDepartment of DefenseDefense Logistics AgencyContractDelivery Order$3.8M28 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Coalition Against Domestic Violence, IncorporatedPURPOSE: THE CONTINUUM OF CARE (COC) PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO PROMOTE COMMUNITY-WIDE COMMITMENT TO THE GOAL OF ENDING HOMELESSNESS; PROVIDE FUNDING FOR EFFORTS BYDepartment of Housing and Urban DevelopmentAssistant Secretary for Community Planning and DevelopmentGrantProject Grant (B)$3.6M23 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: LA 3127: ST. JAMES P/L - ST. CHARLES P/L :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: PATCH, MILL, OVERLAY AND DRAINAGE WORK.Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$3.3M10 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: LA 6: YOUNGS BAYOU BRIDGES REHAB :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: SCOPE: ABUTMENT REPAIR AND/OR BRIDGE LENGTHENING.Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$3.0M22 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINEDUCATION FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN AND YOUTHDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$2.7M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Central Louisiana Regional PortAWARD PURPOSETHE PROJECT WILL FUND THE PROCUREMENT DELIVERY AND ASSEMBLY OF A 275 TON MARINE CRANE WITH AN ELECTRIC MAGNET AND A 27 5 TON FORKLIFT FOR USE AT THDepartment of TransportationMaritime AdministrationGrantProject Grant (B)$2.5M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana State UniversityCOASTAL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING TO ADVANCE TO TEST BEDS FOR ECOSYSTEM DESIGN CREATED ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE OF NATURAL AND NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONSDepartment of DefenseDepartment of the ArmyGrantCooperative Agreement (B)$2.5M24 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINNEGLECTED AND DELINQUENTDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$2.5M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Homeland Security & EmergencyNONPROFIT SECURITY GRANT PROGRAMDepartment of Homeland SecurityFederal Emergency Management AgencyGrantProject Grant (B)$2.3M24 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Department of Children and Family ServicesFVPS-2025 - FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION & SERVICES STATE GRANTSDepartment of Health and Human ServicesAdministration for Children and FamiliesGrantFormula Grant (a)$2.1M29 Jul 2025USAspending
McNeese State University FoundationTHIS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE MCNEESE STATE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION AND PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION PROVIDES FUNDING AND LEASEDepartment of TransportationPipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety AdministrationGrantCooperative Agreement (B)$2.1M15 Jul 2025USAspending
Cne-Cmi JV LLCTHIS AWARD SETS FORTH THE CONTRACT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY AND CARETAKER SERVICES AT THE CARVILLE JOB CORPS CENTER, LOCATED IN CARVILLE, LA. THE CDepartment of LaborOffice of the Assistant Secretary for Administration and ManagementContractDefinitive Contract$2.1M25 Jul 2025USAspending
Baton Rouge City of Office of the TreasurerAPPLICATION PURPOSE: THE PURPOSE OF THIS NHP FUNDS GRANT AWARD IS TO ASSIST WITH CONSTRUCTING THE PLANK-NICHOLSON BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT) PROJECT FOR THE CITY-PDepartment of TransportationFederal Transit AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$2.0M30 Jul 2025USAspending
Pennington Biomedical Research CenterUPGRADE OF 3T MRI SYSTEM TO SIEMENS VIDA FOR METABOLISM-RELATED HUMAN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH - PROJECT SUMMARY THIS IS A PROPOSAL TO PURCHASE A NEW 3T SIEMENS VIDADepartment of Health and Human ServicesNational Institutes of HealthGrantProject Grant (B)$2.0M23 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DAWARD PURPOSE: AWARD OF $2,000,000.00 WITH THE OBJECTIVE TO FACILITATE AND EVALUATE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN WHICH THE PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNER COULD ASSUMEDepartment of TransportationImmediate Office of the Secretary of TransportationGrantCooperative Agreement (B)$2.0M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Port of DelcambreAWARD PURPOSE THIS PROJECT INCLUDES A DOCK RESTORATION PROJECT AND INVESTMENTS REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH AN INDUSTRIAL FABRICATION FACILITY AT THE PORT. PROJECT COMDepartment of TransportationMaritime AdministrationGrantProject Grant (B)$2.0M14 Jul 2025USAspending
Agriculture & Forestry, Louisiana Department ofDESCRIPTION:THIS AGREEMENT PROVIDES SUPPORT TO THE STATE OF LOUISIANA TO IMPLEMENT ITS NONPOINT SOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, FOCUSING ON WATERSHEDS WITH WATER QUAEnvironmental Protection AgencyGrantFormula Grant (a)$2.0M22 Jul 2025USAspending
Physical Sciences Inc.DAF TOPIC NUMBER: AF241-0007 PROPOSAL NUMBER: F2-18950 SUBJECT: FLEXIBLE BATTERY WITH HIGH SAFETY FACTOR FOR AGILEPOD INTEGRATIONDepartment of DefenseDepartment of the Air ForceContractPurchase Order$1.8M16 Jul 2025USAspending
Lynntech Inc.DAF TOPIC NUMBER: AF241-0007 PROPOSAL NUMBER: F2-18953 SUBJECT: CONFORMAL SAFE SOLID-STATE (CS3) LI METAL BATTERY (LMB)Department of DefenseDepartment of the Air ForceContractPurchase Order$1.8M23 Jul 2025USAspending
North American Security, IncorporatedARMED PROTECTIVE SECURITY OFFICER SERVICES (PSO) THROUGHOUT THE STATE OF ARKANSAS SECTION 2(D)Department of Homeland SecurityOffice of Procurement OperationsContractDelivery Order$1.8M18 Jul 2025USAspending
LA DEPT. of ADMINMIGRANT EDUCATIONDepartment of EducationGrantFormula Grant (a)$1.8M30 Jul 2025USAspending
Ers-Cye JV Ii, LLCAIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER REPAIRDepartment of DefenseDepartment of the Air ForceContractDelivery Order$1.7M24 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana State UniversityTHE INTERPLANETARY NETWORK (IPN) IS A CONSORTIUM OF SPACE-BASED HIGH-ENERGY MONITORS WHO TOGETHER DETECT LOCALIZE AND CHARACTERIZE SHORT-DURATION HIGH-ENERGY TRNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGrantProject Grant (B)$1.6M9 Jul 2025USAspending
RLS (USA) Inc.RADIOPHARMACEUTICALSDepartment of Veterans AffairsContractPurchase Order$1.6M31 Jul 2025USAspending
Agriculture & Forestry, Louisiana Department ofSNAP TEFAP - GRANTS TO STATESDepartment of AgricultureFood and Nutrition ServiceGrantFormula Grant (a)$1.6M3 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana State UniversityEPSCOR GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM (EGFP): WIDENING THE NATION'S STEM WORKFORCE INSIDE LOUISIANA: WIN-WIN -THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (NSF) EPSCOR GRADUATENational Science FoundationGrantProject Grant (B)$1.6M14 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: ST. BERNARD MISS RIVER TRAIL PH III :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: EXTEND THE ST. BERNARD MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRAIL FOR 3 MILES DOWN RIVER FROM VIOLET TDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$1.6M18 Jul 2025USAspending
Jefferson Parish GovernmentAPPLICATION PURPOSE: TO IMPROVE BUS STOP ACCESSIBILITY TO INCLUDE SIDEWALKS AND CURB CUTS FOR THE RESIDENTS OF JEFFERSON PARISH.; ACTIVITIES PERFORMED: THESE FUDepartment of TransportationFederal Transit AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$1.6M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Start CorporationPURPOSE: THE CONTINUUM OF CARE (COC) PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO PROMOTE COMMUNITY-WIDE COMMITMENT TO THE GOAL OF ENDING HOMELESSNESS; PROVIDE FUNDING FOR EFFORTS BYDepartment of Housing and Urban DevelopmentAssistant Secretary for Community Planning and DevelopmentGrantProject Grant (B)$1.6M14 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Department of Children and Family ServicesNCCAN1-2025 - CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT STATE GRANT - PART 1Department of Health and Human ServicesAdministration for Children and FamiliesGrantFormula Grant (a)$1.5M3 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Board of RegentsTHE OFFICE OF STEM ENGAGEMENT (OSTEM) SEEKS TO: ATTRACT STUDENTS TO STEM THROUGH UNIQUE LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES THAT SPARK INTEREST AND PROVIDE CONNECTIONS TO NANational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGrantCooperative Agreement (B)$1.5M15 Jul 2025USAspending
Pine Bluff Sand and Gravel CompanySTONE PLACEMENT TASK ORDER # 4Department of DefenseDepartment of the ArmyContractDelivery Order$1.5M28 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Housing CorporationPURPOSE: THE CONTINUUM OF CARE (COC) PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO PROMOTE COMMUNITY-WIDE COMMITMENT TO THE GOAL OF ENDING HOMELESSNESS; PROVIDE FUNDING FOR EFFORTS BYDepartment of Housing and Urban DevelopmentAssistant Secretary for Community Planning and DevelopmentGrantProject Grant (B)$1.4M30 Jul 2025USAspending
Chand, L.L.C.8511399063!PARTS KIT,PISTON ASDepartment of DefenseDefense Logistics AgencyContractDefinitive Contract$1.3M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Chand, L.L.C.8511476743!INJECTOR ASSEMBLY,FDepartment of DefenseDefense Logistics AgencyContractPurchase Order$1.3M2 Jul 2025USAspending
Vicksburg Tallulah Regional AirportPURPOSE: RECONSTRUCT AIRFIELD DRAINAGE/EROSION CONTROL. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED/EXPECTED OUTCOMES: THIS PROJECT RECONSTRUCTS THE EXISTING CULVERTS AND WATER Department of TransportationFederal Aviation AdministrationGrantProject Grant (B)$1.2M23 Jul 2025USAspending
Johnson Controls, IncENERGY MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT UPGRADEDepartment of DefenseDepartment of the Air ForceContractPurchase Order$1.2M30 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Department of Wildlife and FisheriesTHE PURPOSE OF THIS GRANT IS TO ENHANCE RECREATIONAL SPORT FISH POPULATIONS AND PROVIDE INCREASED RECREATIONAL FISHING OPPORTUNITIES THROUGHOUT LOUISIANA.Department of the InteriorU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceGrantFormula Grant (a)$1.2M1 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: LA 39: 155' S. LA 46 - FLOODWALL :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: SCOPE: PATCH, MILL, AND OVERLAYDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantFormula Grant (a)$1.2M18 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: M/V ST FRANCISVILLE - 2025 USCG DRYDOCK :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: SCOPE: M/V ST. FRANCISVILLE FERRY BOAT DRYDOCK FOR REPAIRS, MAINTENANCE, PAINTIDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantProject Grant (B)$1.2M31 Jul 2025USAspending
Reef Systems CorpHUMAN PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION (HPO) SERVICES FOR AIR FORCE GLOBAL STRIKE COMMAND (AFGSC) STRIKER STRATEGICALLY ENHANCING EFFECTIVE LONG-RANGE STRIKE (STEEL)Department of DefenseDepartment of the Air ForceContractDelivery Order$1.1M29 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism15.904 HISTORIC PRESERVATION FUND GRANTS-IN-AID HISTORIC PRESERVATION FUND GRANTS-IN-AID ASSIST IN THE IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION, AND PROTECTION OF HISTORIC PRDepartment of the InteriorNational Park ServiceGrantFormula Grant (a)$1.1M28 Jul 2025USAspending
Transportation & Development Louisiana DPROJECT TITLE: M/V ST FRANCISVILLE - 2025 USCG DRYDOCK :::: PROJECT DESCRIPTION: SCOPE: M/V ST. FRANCISVILLE FERRY BOAT DRYDOCK FOR REPAIRS, MAINTENANCE, PAINTIDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationGrantProject Grant (B)$1.1M31 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana State Arts CouncilPURPOSE: TO SUPPORT ARTS PROGRAMS, SERVICES, AND ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH CARRYING OUT THE AGENCY’S NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS-APPROVED STRATEGIC PLAN.National Endowment for the ArtsGrantProject Grant (B)$1.0M24 Jul 2025USAspending
Louisiana Department of HealthBSCA CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH BLOCK GRANTSDepartment of Health and Human ServicesSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationGrantBlock Grant (a)$1.0M15 Jul 2025USAspending
The ST. Bernard Project, IncCOMMUNITY COMPASS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDINGDepartment of Housing and Urban DevelopmentAssistant Secretary for Policy Development and ResearchGrantCooperative Agreement (B)$1.0M23 Jul 2025USAspending

Descriptions are USAspending's own award text, truncated; those that appear to name a person are withheld. Recipient names link to the organisation's page where it has one.

Questions and answers

How many federal awards were made in Louisiana in July 2025?

70 new prime awards of $1.0M or more with a primary place of performance in Louisiana carry a base obligation date in July 2025, with a combined award value of $1.0B. Smaller awards and modifications to older awards are not counted.

Who received them?

LA DEPT. of ADMIN (12, $749M); BL Harbert International LLC (1, $41M); Manson Construction Co (1, $39M); Health, Louisiana Department of (1, $31M); Transportation & Development Louisiana D (10, $29M). Individuals are never listed.

Is award value the same as spending?

No. Award value is the amount obligated to the award so far as USAspending reports it; obligations are commitments, and outlays (actual payments) follow later, often over several years.

Provenance

Source: USAspending.gov API v2 award search (new awards only, award types contracts, grants, loans and other assistance, lower bound $1.0M), loaded 30 Sep 2026. Direct-payment records are excluded because they are aggregates. The month is assigned by base obligation date. See methodology.